روش شناسی پژوهش در علوم انسانی

Content Analysis

Ruhallah Ridwani

Abstract

Content analysiss is one of the important and practical topics from which researchers can benefit in investigating their data. It is a qualitative procedure and is commonly used in sociological studies. Therefoe, it can be used to analyse speech, written works such as articles, books, speeches, films, pictures, motions of the mannar of utterance, repetition of words, the tune used in an utterance and so on. It helps aresearcher to find out the hidden layers and deep phenomena connected with the subject to be investigated.

Key words: analysis, content, text and message.

Translation of Meanings

from Mildred Larsen's Viewpoint

Seyyed Lotfullah Jalali*

Abstract

Translation means expressing the meaning or idea from one language to another, i.e from the original language to a target language. In every language there are two distinctive features: image and meaning. A linguistic image is the very structure or pattern through which the meaning is conveyed. In translating the meaning the translator does his/her best to convey the meaning from the original language to the target language instead of conveying the linguistic image to the target language. The process of translation of meanings means delving into the meaning, and in order to achieve this goal at ranslator has to have good command of the language and know some other things. The knowledge of the different meanings, the different types of translation the essential stages of translation and so on are helpful in translation. The present article aims to offer to tyanslators a new effective widely used method of translation.

Key words: translation, translation of meanings, image, the meaning of exploring the meaning, content analysis, different types of translation.

The Fundamentals of Research

in Religious Studies and Islamic Knowledge

Husayn Khunaifar* / Akbar Faraji Armki**

Abstract

The area of religious studies, Islamic knowledge and philosophy is a transnational domain which has a long history and is an object of respect attention, critisim and hostility on an international scale, in which training and the idea of research along with the changes it undergoes receive special attention. Today assiduous attention is given to the research in this field and thinker's main concern in this regard is national and international.

The article casts light on the concept, and background of the main characteristics and components, the nature of the question and the aims and importance of the subject in attempt to define the scientific system of research method and offer a suitable structure of " research system" which has a hawza-based character. An inquiry in the policy making of the research system and comprehensive components of hawza is centred on fourteen issues, and the concept of training and its offects are examined.

Key words: research system, research structure, research patterns, research strategies, management, Islamic training and education, philosophy of research.

Methodology of Content

Analysis with an Approach to Techniques for Readability Assessment and Coefficient of Text Engagement

Sayfullah Fazlullahi* / Mansura Maleki Tawana**

Abstract

Content analysis is among the most practical research methods in humanities, social sciences, and behavioral sciences. It is used for an objective, regular, and quantitative description of the content of communication to interpret and find out the internal attitude. It also seeks to identify the reason, goals and styles of communication to describe and explain a special opinion or belief, which is the kingpin of every writing, using functional-communicative models. To do so, first of all, it considers readability of the text. It means the method for estimating probability of reader's success in reading and comprehending a text or piece of writing, which is more applicable in content analysis, especially in investigating sources of communivcative texts, such as books, journals, lectures, news and documents. The present article, while reviewing the method for content analysis, puts forward the definitions offered for it along with goals, historical background, and the executive process and the procedure in scientific sources and documents. To do so, the most important methods for assessing readability – including formulas of Flesch, Gunning, Cloze, Flesch-Kincaid, Powers, Sumner, and Kearl – and the method for determining the level of invitation to research or Roman William's Engagement Coefficient have been elaborately studied.

Key word: content analysis, research method, readability assessment, engagement coefficient

The Status of Methodology in Governmental Policy – Making

Qadr Ali Wathiq*

Abstract

Learned people hold that man's great advances in the diffevent fields of knowledge including government's policy-making are indebted to the use of suitable research methods. But the question as to what methods are available and which of them is suitable for this science or that science demands methodological discussions. Through these discussions and presentation of principles and foundations the suitable methods of sciences can be identified. This article reviews at the outcome the methodological schools of thought such as the positivistic methodology, interpretive methodology and critical methodology as well as their philosophical principles. The the influence of the mentioned schools of thought on governmental policy-making is examined.

In the Positivistic methodology the policies and laws which govern man's social behavior exist outside the mind and the duty of policy-makers is to discover them and place them at the disposal of the institutions to assert their legality. But the interpretive and critical methodologies, which seem to have similar effects requires some kinds of policies which can be attained through the interaction between those who have power and political groups.

Key words: method, methodology, positivistic methodology, interpretive methodology, critical methodoglogy and policy-making.

"Apparatus Crititicus";

a Procedure for Correcting Scripts

Muhammad Suri*

Abstract

Generaly speaking, in correcting scripts the difference between the versions is shown in the footnotes. This procedure has been subject to Criticisms.

For example, it pings confusion to the text and occupies a large space; so the versions fail to give a full account. Besides this procedure there is another one known as "apparatus Criticus". This procedure differs from the previous one (i.e. use of footnotes) in that according to this procedure, no mark is placed inside the text and the difference between the versions is recorded in full. The copies occupy a little space and are completely separated from the corrected notes. This procedure was first introduced with regard to the Bible and later on Helmuth Ritter used it with the Islamic texts.

Key words: apparatus Criticus, Ritter's procedure, the difference between the versions in correcting scripts.

Abstracts

Translation: Seyyed Abas Hoseini

Classifaction of Doctrinal Precepts

in the Various Stages of Islamic Theology

Seyyed Muhammad Mahdi Afdali*

Abstract

It is for understanding, illustration and defending religious teachings that theology has taken form.

A theologian plays an intermediary role between religious texts and audience's mind and language and often traces the time and environment changes, development of conceptulazation and use of conceptual frameworks. Prallel to this, changes take place in the classification of religious teaching and doctrinal precepts and this often moves towards a more accurate methods and deeper content. The amount of change in the content depends on the amount of increase in the accuracy of methods, which resultsin a more objective classification of religious teachings.

The new classification of religious teachings in the light of the knowledge of the Qur'an exegesis and theology is occupying a distinguished place in designing a new form of religious knowledge and it will play a key role in the reconstruction of theology. The present article casts light on the development in methology and classification of religious teachings.

Key words: theology, principles of doctrines, classification, philosophical theology, argument.

Table of Contents

Classifaction of Doctrinal Precepts in the Various Stages of Islamic Theology / Seyyed Muhammad Mahdi Afdali 5

"Apparatus Crititicus"; a Procedure for Correcting Scripts / Muhammad Suri 27

The Status of Methodology in Governmental Policy – Making / Qadir Ali Wathiq 39

Methodology of Content Analysis with an Approach to Techniques for Readability Assessment and Coefficient of Text Engagement / Sayfullah Fazlullahi / Mansura Maleki Tawana 71

The Fundamentals of Research in Religious Studies and Islamic Knowledge / Husayn Khunaifar / Akbar Faraji Arnki 95

Translation of Meanings from Mildred Larsen's Viewpoint / Seyyed Lotfullah Jalali 119

Content Analysis / Ruhallah Ridwani 137

The Problem Scientific Explanation in Sociology / Seeyd Hossein Sharaf-Aldin 157

In the Name of Allah

A Publication by Imam Khomeini Institute for Education and Research

Editor in Chief:: Ahmad Husein Sharifi

Editor:: Morteza Sanei

Coordinator: Jafar Alijanpor

English translator: Seyyed Abas Hoseini

Arabic translator: Asad Kabi

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